V. Real health risks to be aware of during menopause

i. Osteopenia and Osteoporosis

Diminished estrogen levels occur with menopause and this can cause the bones to weaken and become more brittle.  This can increase risk for a fracture.  A bone density , DEXA, is a radiographic test that can assess how much calcium is in your bones. When it is low it is called osteopenia and when it is very low it is called osteoporosis.  Getting an adequate amount of calcium, ideally through diet but with vitamin supplements when necessary, along with Vitamin D, through diet, supplements and sunlight, and regular exercise, are ways to help maintain strong bones.

ii. Bladder and Urinary Changes

Menopausal women may experience changes in bladder control.  Some women experience a sudden and strong sensation to urinate (overactive bladder - OAB) which can be associated with an involuntary loss of urine (urge incontinence) and other women may experience involuntary loss while laughing, coughing, exercising or straining (stress incontinence).  Some women may experience the need to go to the bathroom more frequently and especially and night (nocturia) and others may have more frequent urinary tract infections (UTI) .  These issues occur due to diminished estrogen and weakened muscles of the pelvis.  There are exercises that can help strengthen the pelvic floor muscles (Kegel exercises).  Vaginal hormones can be an effective treatment for some women as well.  There are a variety of medications and procedures that can help with these issues.

iii. Cardiovascular Changes 

A woman’s risk for coronary artery disease increases after menopause. Estrogen protects against these changes prior to menopause but once menopause occurs this risk increases. Eating a healthy diet along with regular exercise, avoiding smoking and keeping other health conditions in check (such as elevated cholesterol, diabetes and high blood pressure) are your best options to help prevent this condition.

iv. Weight Gain

Many women gain weight as their hormones change and transition, this is because your metabolism slows down.  It may be necessary to eat less and exercise more in order to maintain your weight.

v. Emotional Instability

Managing mood and emotions is important. Stress and anxiety can be more pronounced during menopause. Feelings of insecurity, loss of identity and femininity, fear of aging and isolation are common emotions during this time. In addition, hormonal changes can affect mental health as well. Support groups, counseling and medical management are all helpful ways to help with emotional changes.

Verbena does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment and is not a medical provider. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor or 911 immediately.