V. Female Hormones Unveiled
i. ESTROGEN
Estrogen is essential in regulating the growth of the lining of the uterus. If fertilization of the egg, pregnancy, does not occur then estrogen levels decrease and this causes menstruation to begin. Estrogen is one of the main ingredients in many types of birth control to prevent pregnancy and it is also used in the treatment of menopause.
ii. PROGESTERONE
Progesterone is a hormone secreted by the ovary after ovulation occurs. Its main role is to prepare the uterine lining in the event of a pregnancy. If there is no fertilization, then progesterone levels drop and menstruation starts. It is a component of many types of birth control. It is often used in combination with estrogen in the treatment of menopause in some women.
iii. PROLACTIN
Prolactin is a hormone that is produced when a woman is breast feeding. In women who are not breast feeding and are experiencing a nipple discharge, this can signify excess prolactin production.
iv. THYROID
The thyroid gland produces hormones to control the body’s metabolism. When the gland is under active, not enough hormone is produced, and this is referred to as hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is when too much hormone is being produced, the gland is hyperactive. Both of these conditions can affect menstruation. Thyroid abnormalities can also result in fatigue, hair loss, weight fluctuations and feeling cold or warm. Thyroid levels are assessed by a blood test.
v. Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone (FSH and LH)
PCOS is a hormone imbalance that is not uncommon in women of reproductive age. These women may have infrequent or prolonged cycles. Some women with PCOS may have excess androgens (male hormones that women have too just in lower amounts). There isn’t a single test to diagnose PCOS but a series of assessments can help make the diagnosis. A thorough history and physical exam, sometimes blood work (hormones and blood sugar levels) and a pelvic ultrasound all help to make the diagnosis. PCOS treatment depends on fertility plans, blood sugar and weight control and menstrual frequency.
Verbena does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment and is not a medical provider. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor or 911 immediately.